THE
INTERPERSONAL MEANING IN THE LYRICS OF
CHRISTINA
PERRI’S ALBUM “LOVESTRONG” AND THE CONTRIBUTION IN TEACHING MODERN ENGLISH
GRAMMAR
By
Dias Andris Susanto and Setiyo Watik
diasandris@yahoo.co.id/081325472039/pin
bb 316417ED
FPBS IKIP PGRI Semarang
Abstract
This study
examines the interpersonal meaning realized in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s
Album “Lovestrong” and the contribution to the teaching of modern English grammar.
It will be easier and more interesting to analyze the interpersonal meaning
through the literary work that we hear everyday such as song lyrics.
The objectives
of this study are to describe the interpersonal meaning realized in the lyrics
of Christina Perri’s Album “Lovestrong”, to know the most dominant Mood Types
and Speech Roles, to describe the Modality realized in those lyrics and to
describe the contribution of interpersonal meaning in the lyrics of Christina
Perri’s Album “Lovestrong”.
The designed of
the research was descriptive qualitative. The main
sources of data in this research were the
lyrics of Christina Perri’s Album “Lovestrong”. There were
five song lyrics that the writer analyzed in
this study. The analysis of the data used the following steps: firstly,
listened to the songs, found the printed lyrics of the songs, analyzed the
clauses based on the Mood-Residue elements and found the Modality through Modal
Finite and Mood Adjunct. Next step, the writer classified the clause to get the
most dominant of Mood Types and Speech Roles. The last, the writer drew the
conclusion of this study.
The results of
data analysis show that the interpersonal meaning in the lyrics of Christina
Perri’s Album “Lovestrong” realized in the wordings of the clause if analyzed
based on the elements of interpersonal meaning, the most dominant Mood Types is
Declarative, the most dominant Speech Roles is Giving Information, the Modality
realized through the use of modal finite and mood adjunct, and the
contribution of interpersonal meaning in
the lyrics of Christina Perri’s Album “Lovestrong” to the teaching of modern
English grammar is to help the students easier and more interesting to analyze
the interpersonal meaning through the lyrics of their favorite song or favorite
singer.
The conclusions
of this study are; to know the realization of the interpersonal meaning in the
song lyrics, we should read them thoroughly while analyzing based on the
interpersonal meaning elements. Based on the Mood Types and Speech Roles
analysis, the song writer or singer wants to declare something and give
information to the readers or listener through these songs.
Keywords: interpersonal meaning, song lyrics, mood types,
modality, modern English grammar
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background of the Study
Functional Grammar has three types of meaning, called it as a metafunction: ideational, textual, and interpersonal. In this study, the writer analyzes the interpersonal meaning. Interpersonal meanings are meanings, which express a speaker’s attitudes and judgments. These are meanings for acting upon and with others. The elements of interpersonal meanings are Mood and Residue. The component that gets bandied back and forth is what we call the Mood element of the clause. The other component is called the Residue. We can analyze the Mood – Residue that realized in the texts or articles, such as a song lyric, newspaper, magazine, letter, science, speech, and many others. Many media serve knowledge and message or information either in spoken such as radio, music, song, television, etc or in written like magazine, newspaper, book, etc. In this study, the writer chooses to analyze a song lyric, because song is the way to tell a language, it is used by human to tell something in different ways. Song also tells something or someone’s feeling that uses imaginative diction and rhyme. We almost hear songs everyday; even we can memorize the lyrics very well. It’s very interesting to see how the composer plays with words and cords to convey the message, and it is very interesting to study or analyze something that we like very much.
Based on the phenomenon already described
above, the writer is interested in applying the research on the interpersonal
meaning in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong” and the
contribution to the teaching of modern English grammar.
B.
Limitation of the Study
This study is an
attempt of describing the interpersonal meaning in the lyrics of Christina
Perri’s album “Lovestrong” and the contribution to the teaching of modern English
grammar. The findings of the study describe the Mood – Residue analysis that
used in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”, showing the most
dominant of mood types used in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album
“Lovestrong”, showing the most dominant of speech roles used in the lyrics of
Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”, describe the modality to realize the
interpersonal meaning of the lyrics of “Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”
and describe the contribution of interpersonal meaning in the lyrics of
Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong” to the teaching of English modern grammar.
C.
Statements of the Problem
The
discussion of the study is limited in the following problems:
1. How is the interpersonal meaning
realized in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”?
2. What is the most dominant Mood Types
used in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”?
3. What is the most dominant Speech Roles
used in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”?
4. How is the Modality used to realize the
interpersonal meaning of the lyrics Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”?
5. What is the contribution of
interpersonal meaning used in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album
“Lovestrong” to the teaching of modern English grammar?
D.
Objectives of the Study
The
major purposes of this study are:
1. To describe the interpersonal meaning
realized in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”.
2. To know the most dominant Mood Types
used in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”.
3. To know the most dominant Speech Roles used
in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”.
4. To describe the Modality to realize the
interpersonal meaning of the lyrics Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”.
5. To describe the contribution of
interpersonal meaning in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong” to
the teaching of modern English grammar.
REVIEW
OF RELATED LITERATURE
A.
Previous
Study
The previous study that the writer found
is the final project that wrote by the student graduated from IKIP PGRI
Semarang named Rumsiyah in 2011 titled “The Interpersonal Meaning Analysis of
Cooking Instruction of Food Products and Its Contribution to English Language
Teaching”. The finding of this final project is analyses about the mood –
residue that realized in the cooking instruction of some food products such as
instants noodle, instant porridge, etc.
Another previous study is final project
wrote by Wahyu Soleh, 2009 titled “An analysis of Interpersonal Meaning on the
Advertisement in Time Magazine Published in January 2009. This research aims to
identify the interpersonal meaning and the dominant mood realized on the
advertisement in Time Magazine published in January 2009. As the result of data
analysis, there are about sixty clauses of five advertisements which based on
the interpersonal meaning and most of five advertisement used declarative mood
and imperative mood.
This previous study inspires the writer
to study further about interpersonal meaning. In this study, the writer
analyzes the interpersonal meaning used in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s
album “Lovestrong”. In this study the writer focuses on the Mood – Residue
analysis realized in the lyrics of “Lovestrong” album by Christina Perri. In
the research findings the writer also describes the most dominant mood types,
the most dominant speech roles and modality that realized in the lyrics of
Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”. The writer also describes the
contribution of interpersonal meaning in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album
“Lovestrong” to the teaching of modern English grammar.
B.
Related Theories
1.
Interpersonal Meaning
To analyze the interpersonal meaning in
the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”, we have to know what the
interpersonal meaning itself clearly. In this part, the writer will discuss the
interpersonal meaning and its entire component. This explanation will help the
readers to understand what the interpersonal meaning is and how to analyze the
sentences based on the element of mood and residue. According to Gerot and
Wignell (1994:13), the interpersonal meanings are meanings which express a
speaker’s attitudes and judgments. These are meanings for acting upon and with
others. Interpersonal meaning, according to Butt (2001:86) is one of the most
basic interactive distinction is between using language to exchange information
and using it to exchange goods and services. These meanings are most centrally
influenced by tenor (who/what kind of person produced this text? For whom?) of
discourse.
Martin (1997:62) gives two reasons for
recognizing this kind of interpersonal clause structure: the first reason is
that, if a speaker wants to get a verbal response to a declarative or
imperative clause, s/he can add a tag (Mood tag) that picks up only part of the
clause. The second reason for recognizing Mood and Residue as the major
function of the clause, when viewed interpersonally, is that the different mood
categories (declarative, interrogative, etc.) are realized in English by the
mood element, while the Residue may in part or whole be involved in ellipsis in
responding moves.
2. Type
of Speech Roles
The
other material that related to the analysis of the interpersonal meaning is the
type of speech roles. In this study, the writer wants to know the most dominant
type of speech roles in the lyrics of “Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”.
Before analyzing the type of the speech roles and identify the most dominant of
it, we have to master about what type of speech roles are. Halliday (2004:107)
states that the most fundamental type of speech roles are giving and demanding.
Giving means ‘inviting to receive’
and demanding means ‘inviting to give’.
The commodity that giving or demanding are ‘good
and services’ and ‘information’.
Table (2.1)
Type of Speech Roles
|
Role in exchange
|
Commodity exchanged
|
|
|
Goods
and services
|
Information
|
|
|
Giving
|
“offer”
Would
you like this teapot?
|
“statement”
He
is giving her the teapot.
|
|
Demanding
|
“command”
Give
me that teapot!
|
“question”
What
is he giving her?
|
According
to the Table (2.1) above, it can be
interpreted as follows;
a.
Giving
information
The
speaker and the writer give information by making statements, such as “He is giving her the teapot”. This
sentence is a declarative sentence that giving information.
b.
Demanding
information
The
speaker and the writer demanding information by asking question, such as “What is he giving her?” This sentence
is an interrogative sentence that demanding information.
c.
Giving
goods and services
The
speaker and the writer giving goods and services by offering, such as in “Would you like this teapot?” This
sentence is an interrogative sentence that offering good or something.
d.
Demanding
good and services
The
speaker and the writer demanding goods and services by giving command or
instruction, such as in “Give me that
teapot!”
This sentence is an imperative sentence
that gives command.
3.
Modality
When the speakers are not definite about
their message, they give signal by looking for a position between definite
‘yes’ and a definite ‘no’ that known as Modality. We use the term Modality to
refer to all positioning by speaker about probability, usuality, typicality,
obviousness, obligation and inclination (Butt.2001:113). Martin claims that there are four main kinds
of modality; they are probability, usuality, obligation, and readiness.
Halliday refers to probability and usuality together as modalization, which he
associates with propositions (statements and questions), he refers to
obligation and readiness as modulation, which is associated with proposals
(offers and commands).
4.
Song and Lyric
In music, song is a composition for
voice or voices, performed by singing, maybe accompanied by musical instrument,
or it may be unaccompanied, as in the case of a cappella songs. A song usually
is the actualization from the real life or just someone’s fantasy. Song can be
for a solo singer, duet, trio, or larger ensemble involving more voices. Songs
with more than one voice to a part are considered choral works.
The
lyrics or words of songs are typically of a poetic, rhyming nature, though they
may be religious verses or free prose that uses figurative language. The
structure of the song lyric is different to the magazines, newspaper or any
other articles. However, the song lyric
is used to deliver message or information to the listeners or the readers. In this study, the writer will analyze the
five songs lyrics that sung by Christina Perri, those five songs taken from the
“Lovestrong” album. Those songs are titled “Jar of Hearts”, “Sad Song”,
“Bluebird”, “Distance”, and “Arms”.
5.
Relation between Song and Interpersonal Meaning
Song is very effective as a media in
analyzing systemic functional grammar, because in a song contained two texts at
once, those are when a singers sing, the song is the spoken text, and the song
lyric is the written text. It is very interesting to see how the composer plays
with words and stanzas to convey the messages. Song also provides a context for
interesting and effective focuses grammar practice. There are three
Metafunctional Lines of Meaning; the first is ideational meanings that discuss
about things, about goings on and the circumstances surrounding these
happenings and doings. Second, textual meanings that express the relation of
language to its environment, including both the verbal environment – what has
been said or written before (co-text) and the non-verbal, situational
environment (context). The last is interpersonal meanings that express the
speaker’s attitudes and judgments. Considering those three metafunctions, the
writer chooses the interpersonal meaning as the basic of the analysis in the
lyrics of Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”.
6.
English Modern Grammar
Learning
English can not be separated from grammar, understanding grammar will give us
better communications and thinking skills, making us a better listener,
speaker, reader, and writer. Learning English grammar is important because it
helps us to understand how text works. Understanding grammar will also enable
us to communicate effectively in any situation, allowing us to form more and
meaningful relationships with friends and family. According to Gerot and
Wignell (1994:2) grammar is a theory that describes how we choose and arrange
our words. According to Rayevska (2004:7) grammatical forms play a vital role
in our ability to lend variety to speech, to give “colour” to the subject or
evaluate it and to convey the information more emotionally..
RESEARCH METHOD
A.
Research Design
The
writer used a descriptive qualitative study as the research design of this
study. In doing qualitative research the writer searched the songs of “Lovestrong”
album by Christina Perri, listened to the songs, and then found the printed
lyrics of the songs. After that, the writer comprehended the lyrics, and then
analyzed the clauses based on the Subject, Finite, Predicator, Complement and
Adjunct. For the next step, the writer classified them based on the Mood –
Residue elements and found the Modality through the use of modal finite and
mood adjunct. To make it easier to understand by the readers, the writer
analyzed the clause in form of table.
After that, the writer classified the clause to get the most dominant of
Mood Types that used in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”.
Next, the writer also classified the clauses based on the Speech Roles to know
the most dominant of speech roles in those lyrics. After that, the writer
classified the Modality realized in those lyrics. For the last steps, the
writer drew the conclusion based on the research findings.
B.
Roles of the Researcher
In
the descriptive qualitative study, the researcher or the writer was the key
instrument. This human instrument determined the focus of the study, chose the
source of the data, collected the data, analyzed the data, interpreted the
data, and drew the conclusion based on the research finding. As assumed by
Mariam (1988) in Creswell (1994:145) that the qualitative researcher is the
primary instrument for data collection and analysis, so the biases, values, and
judgment of the research become stated explicitly in the research report.
C.
Object of the Research
In
this study, the writer analyzes the interpersonal meaning used in the lyrics of
Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong” and the contribution to the teaching of modern
English grammar. In this study, the writer chooses to analyze five song lyrics
taken from “Lovestrong” album; they are entitled “Jar of Hearts”, “Sad Song”,
“Bluebird”, “Distance” and “Arms”.
D.
Data Resources
Data
resources play an important role in a descriptive qualitative research. To get
the optimal goal of the research, data resources should be made in such away
that the data could be as valid as possible. The main sources of data in this
research are the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”. There are five
song lyrics that the writer analyzes in this study, all of them taken from the
“Lovestrong” album, those songs titled “Jar of Hearts”, “Sad Song”, “Bluebird”,
“Distance” and “Arms”. Besides these data, the writer also took some other
references related to the subject matter, such as books and internet articles.
E.
Technique of Data Collection
A
technique of data collection is a method of doing or performing something in
order to collect the data that is needed for the study. In conducting this
research, the writer applied library research and documentation method to
collect the requiring data. According to Sugiyono (2012:85) document can be in
the form of written, picture, or personal monumental works such as life
histories, stories, biography, rules, photo, film etc. The writer collected the
data through these steps:
1.
Searching the Christina
Perri’s album “Lovestrong”.
2.
Listening the Christina
Perri’s album “Lovestrong”.
3.
Choosing the top five song lyrics taken from “Christina
Perri’s album “Lovestrong” that will be
analyzed; “Jar of Hearts”, “Sad Song”, “Bluebird”, “Distance” and
“Arms”.
4.
Finding the printed lyrics of the five songs taken
from Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”
entitled “Jar of Hearts”, “Sad Song”, “Bluebird”, “Distance” and “Arms”.
5.
Comprehending those five song lyrics of Christina
Perri’s album “Lovestrong”.
6. Analyzing those five song lyrics of Christina
Perri’s album “Lovestrong”.
F.
Technique of Data Analysis
After collecting the data, the writer analyzes the data through these steps:
1.
Reading those five song lyrics of Christina
Perri’s album “Lovestrong” thoroughly.
2.
Analyzing the mood of those five song lyrics of Christina
Perri’s album “Lovestrong”.
3.
Analyzing the residue of those five song lyrics of Christina
Perri’s album “Lovestrong”.
4.
Analyzing the mood types of those five song lyrics
of Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”.
5.
Classifying the most dominant mood types of those five
song lyrics of Christina Perri’s album
“Lovestrong”.
6.
Classifying the less dominant mood types of those five
song lyrics of Christina Perri’s album
“Lovestrong”.
7.
Analyzing the speech roles in those five song lyrics
of Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”.
8.
Classifying the most dominant speech roles in those five
song lyrics of Christina Perri’s album
“Lovestrong”.
9.
Classifying the less dominant speech roles of those five
song lyrics of Christina Perri’s album
“Lovestrong”.
10. Analyze the
modality realized in those five song lyrics of Christina
Perri’s album “Lovestrong”.
11. Describe the
contribution of interpersonal meaning used in the lyrics of Christina
Perri’s album “Lovestrong” to the
teaching of modern English grammar.
12. Drawing the
conclusion based on the research findings.
RESEARCH
FINDINGS
The
research findings in this study include five points; (1) realization of the
interpersonal meaning in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”,
(2) the most dominant mood types used in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album
“Lovestrong”, (3) the most dominant speech roles used in the lyrics of
Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”, (4) the modality used to realize the
interpersonal meaning of the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”,
(5) the contribution of the interpersonal meaning analysis in the lyrics of
Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong” to the teaching of modern English grammar.
1.
Realization of the interpersonal meaning in the
lyrics of Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”.
Based
on the analysis of the interpersonal meaning, the five songs have mood and
residue. It is realized by the wordings of the clause based on the elements of
interpersonal meaning. Mood consists of subject and finite, while residue
consists of predicator, complement and adjunct.
2.
The most dominant Mood Types used in the lyrics of Christina
Perri’s album “Lovestrong”.
After
identifying each lines or each clause in the five song lyrics of Christina
Perri’s album “Lovestrong”, the writer analyze them based on the Mood Types.
Based on the information in Table (4.1),
we can see that the most dominant Mood Types used in the lyrics of Christina
Perri’s album “Lovestrong” is Declarative Mood. While the less dominant is
Exclamative Mood. It indicates that the song writer or the singer wants to
state or declare something to the listeners through these songs.
3.
The most dominant Speech Roles used in the lyrics of
Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”.
Besides
analyzes the Mood Types, the writer also analyses the five songs lyrics of Christina
Perri’s album “Lovestrong” based on the Speech Roles. The readers can see the
result of this analysis in the Table
(4.2), and from that table, we get the information that the most dominant
Speech Roles used in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong” is
Giving Information, and the less dominant is Giving Goods and Services; it
indicates that the song writer or the singer wants to give information to the
listeners through these songs.
4.
The Modality used to realize the interpersonal
meaning of the lyrics Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”.
In
this study, the writer analyzes Modality through use of Modal Finite and Mood
Adjuncts in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”. In the lyric
“Jar of Hearts” song, there are three modalities that consist of one modal
finite (can’t) and two mood adjuncts (ever, just). “Sad Song” has eleven
modalities, they are eight modal finites (can
(2), would, will (2), have to, be going to, won’t) and three mood adjuncts (really, just, never). In the “Bluebird”
there are five modalities, consist of four modal finites (could, wouldn’t (2), won’t) and one mood adjuncts (maybe). There are eight modalities that
realized in the “Distance” song lyric, they are consisting of seven modal
finites (can (2), would, will (4)) and
one mood adjunct (just). “Arms” has twelve modalities they are
consisting of six modal finites (would,
will (4), can’t (3)) and six mood adjuncts (never (6)).
5.
The contribution of interpersonal meaning used in
the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong” to the teaching of modern
English grammar.
The
contribution of interpersonal meaning used in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s
album “Lovestrong” to the teaching of modern English grammar is to help the
students easier and more interesting to analyze the interpersonal meaning of
the song lyrics whether it is their favorite song or their favorite singer.
Christina Perri is the favorite singer in this time, so that’s why analyzing
her songs become easier and more interesting. Besides that, song also provides
a context for interesting and effective focuses grammar practice. Some students
consider that grammar is difficult, but it will be easier if we do that by the
interesting media that we like very much, such as songs.
CONCLUSIONS
Based
on the result of the data analysis that was mentioned in the previous chapter,
the writer made some conclusions as follow:
1. Interpersonal meaning in the lyrics of Christina
Perri’s album “Lovestrong” realized in the wordings of the clauses based on the
Mood (subject, finite) and Residue (predicator, complement, adjunct) element.
2. Based on the Mood Types analysis, the
most dominant of mood types in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album
“Lovestrong” is Declarative Mood, it indicates that the song writer or the
singer wants to state or declare something to the reader or listener trough
these songs.
3. Based on the Speech Roles analysis, the most
dominant of speech roles in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong” is
Giving Information; it indicates that the song writer or the singer wants to
give information to the reader or listener trough these songs.
4. According to the Modality analysis
through the use of Finite Modal and Mood Adjunct, the result of analysis found
some clauses that use finite modal and mood adjunct in the lyrics of Christina
Perri’s album “Lovestrong”.
5. The contribution of interpersonal
meaning used in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong” to the
teaching of modern English grammar is to help the students easier and more
interesting to analyze the interpersonal meaning of their favorite song or
favorite singer.
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